A diet of whole pure prepared foods which is based on Buddhist principles of the balance of yin and yang is known as macrobiotic diet.
Uses
This oriental-style vegetarian diet is low in fat, emphasizes whole grains and vegetables, and restricts fluids. These are some of the same dietary principles that have been found to help prevent heart disease. Low-fat high-fibre diets are also believed to play a role in preventing some types of cancer. And the macrobiotic emphasis on fresh, non-processed foods may prove helpful in dealing with certain food allergies and chemical sensitivities. Despite these benefits, few mainstream nutritionists endorse a strict macrobiotic diet. The selection of foods is so limited, they warn, that you can easily develop significant nutritional deficiencies. They add that while a macrobiotic diet may indeed reduce your risk of heart disease and cancer, it will not cure any specific disorder-including cancer.
Procedure of Treatment
The macrobiotic diet is based not so much on Western nutritional principles as an elements of ancient Chinese philosophy. It is a nutritional attempt to balance the 'complementary opposites' known as 'yin' and 'yang'-forces that the Chinese believed must be kept in harmony to achieve good health. These forces are woven into every aspect of life. Yin is said to be expansive, while yang is contractile; yin is cold, yang is hot; yin is wet, yang is dry; yin is slow, yang is fast; yin is passive, yang is aggressive; yin is sweet, yang is salty; yin is loose, yang is tight; yin is dark, yang is light.
To the extent that these qualities are reflected in food, the macrobiotic dietary regimen strives to bring them into balance. Certain foods are said to be yin, others very yang, and some in-between. The most balanced foods in the yin/yang continuum (though not necessarily in nutritional science) are brown rice and whole grains. Hence these foods constitute the foundation of the macrobiotic diet. To this foundation, the macrobiotic regimen adds foods reflecting different degrees of yin and yang, selected in accordance with the individual's dietary needs and temperament. In practice, this usually works out to a diet consisting of: 50 to 60 per cent whole grains. Grains include brown rice, barley, millet, oats, corn, rye, wheat, and buckwheat. 25 to 30 per cent fresh vegetables. Especially recommended are cruciferous vegetables (members of the cabbage family) and other dark green and deep yellow vegetables. They should be grown organically, and locally if possible. Macrobiotic advocates recommend lightly steaming or boiling them, or sautéing them with a small amount of vegetable oil. For purposes of the macrobiotic diet, vegetables fall into three categories:
(i) Eat frequently: cruciferous vegetables, including arugula, bok choy, broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, collards, kale, kohlrabi, mustard greens, radishes, rutabaga, turnips, turnips greens, and watercress; Chinese cabbage, dandelion, onion, daikon, orange squashes, pumpkin.
(ii) Eat occasionally: celery, iceberg lettuce, mushrooms, snow peas, string beans.
(iii) Avoid: potatoes, tomatoes, eggplant, peppers, asparagus, spinach, beets, zucchini, avocado 5 to 10 per cent beans, soy-based products, and sea vegetables. In this category, tofu (soy bean curd) is a favourite. Sea vegetables to consider include wakame, hiziki, dombu, noris, arame, agar-agar, and Irish moss. 5 to 10 per cent soups. Miso soup, a broth made with soy bean paste, is a popular choice. Also permissible are soups made with vegetable, grains, seaweed, or beans.
(iv) Occasional treats: one to three times a week, a serving of seeds, nuts, fruits, or fish is considered acceptable. Advocates suggest emphasizing local, in-season foods and avoiding processed, refined products. Completely proscribed are meat, poultry, dairy products, eggs, and warm drinks, all of which are considered too 'yang' for consumption. Also to be avoided (because they are extremely 'yin') are sweets and sugar, alcohol, coffee, caffeinated tea and strong spices.
Benefits
Proponents assert that the balance and harmony of the macrobiotic diet and lifestyle create the best possible conditions for health. They claim that the diet yields many positive health effects, including a general sense of well-being; and some studies do confirm that people on the diet have a decreased risk of heart disease and some forms of cancer. However, claims that the diet can reverse cancer or AIDS (or generally strengthen the immune system) are based on isolated reports that have yet to be confirmed by scientific tests. The National Institute of Health's Office of Alternative Medicine is studying the macrobiotic approach to cancer, but for now there is no concrete evidence that it is particularly effective.
Who Should Avoid This Therapy?
While a moderate approach to macrobiotics is not likely to cause harm and may promote health, extreme macrobiotic diets (often little more than brown rice and grain) lead to deficiencies that are especially damaging in children and pregnant women. Choose a more balanced approach to nutrition during pregnancy and a youngster's early years.
Side-effects
Vitamin and mineral deficiencies are a distinct possibility, particularly with the extreme versions of the diet. Studies of children consuming a macrobiotic diet revealed growth retardation in 6- to 18-month-olds, lack of energy, and deficiencies of protein, Vitamin B12, Vitamin D, calcium and riboflavin. Researchers also found that the breast milk of mothers on a macrobiotic diet contained abnormally low levels of Vitamin B12, calcium and magnesium. Another study links macrobiotic diets with an increase in iron-deficiency anemia, noting that impaired psychomotor development due to iron deficiency has been reported in infants fed a macrobiotic diet. Researchers have also linked macrobiotic infant diets with an increase in rickets, a disease of weakened bones and skeletal deformities associated with Vitamin D and calcium deficiencies.
